A selection of quotes - English as a Business Lingua Franca (BELF)
Useful references - English as a Business Lingua Franca (BELF)
This list provides some of the key readings for English as a business lingua franca (BELF), the aim being to provide a resource for researchers, teachers and writers interested in how English is used in a business / workplace context. We have tried to limit it to articles and books which focus on BELF or discuss issues closely related to BELF.
The list does not include readings which focus on ELF research outside the world of work, nor does it include readings which focus on business communication from perspectives other than ELF (e.g. corpus linguistics, ESP). Many of these will be of interest to the BELF enthusiast, but the reader will hopefully appreciate that such a list could potentially include thousands of titles. Occam’s razor and all that.
Not all these readings are open access, unfortunately, but many can be found via websites such as Research Gate and Semantic Scholar. There will doubtless be many omissions, for which we apologize, and we welcome any suggestions which will improve its use as a BELF resource.
Alharbi, N. (2016). Business English as a lingua franca in Saudi multinational corporations : a qualitative investigation of communicative strategies and orientations to use in international workplaces. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of London.
Angouri, J. (2013) ‘The multilingual reality of the multinational workplace: language policy and language use’, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(6), 564–581. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2013.807273
Angouri, J. & Miglbauer, M. (2014) ‘‘And then we summarise in English for the others’: the lived experience of the multilingual workplace’, Multilingua, 33(1-2), 147–172.
https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2014-0007
Barančicová, J., & Zerzová, J. (2015). English as a lingua franca used at international meetings. JoLaCe Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 3(3), 30–51. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2015-0018
Birlik, S., & Kaur, J. (2020). BELF expert users: Making understanding visible in internal BELF meetings through the use of nonverbal communication strategies. English for Specific Purposes, 58, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2019.10.002
Bjørge, A. K. (2007). Power distance in English lingua franca email communication. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17, 60-80. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2007.00133.x
Bjørge, A. K. (2010). ‘Conflict or cooperation: The use of backchannelling in ELF negotiations,’ English for Specific Purposes, 29(3), 191–203.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2009.04.002
Bjørge, A. K. (2012). Expressing disagreement in ELF business negotiations: Theory and practice, Applied Linguistics, 33(4), 406–427.
https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/ams015
Brannen, M. Y., Piekkari, R. & Tietze, S. (2014). The multifaceted role of language in international business: Unpacking the forms, functions and features of a critical challenge to MNC theory and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(5), 495–507. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.24
Caleffi, P-M., & Poppi, F. (2019). The training of business professionals in ELT Materials: A focus on email writing. Iperstoria, 13, 85-97. (Open access).
https://doi.org/10.13136/2281-4582/2019.i13.551
Caleffi, P.-M. (2020). Building rapport in BELF communication: Solidarity strategies in business emails. Status Quaestionis, 2(19). (Open access).
https://doi.org/10.13133/2239-1983/17133
Caleffi, P-M. (2020). Communication Strategies in BELF e-mailing. ‘Only’ a matter of shared understanding? Lingue e Linguaggi, 38, 241-258.
Charles, M. (2007). Language matters in global communication: Article based on ORA lecture, October 2006. Journal of Business Communication, 44, 260-282.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943607302477
Chen, J. (2021). A review of pragmatic competence in BELF interactions. International Journal of English Linguistics, 11(6), 98-111. (Open Access).
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59ad/8a6ded4481c0a05ad469300572618e0cfbbd.pdf
Choi, S. (2014). Cross-cultural job interview communication in business English as a lingua franca (BELF) contexts: a corpus-based comparative study of multicultural job interview communications in world maritime industry. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Birmingham. (Open Access).
https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/5328/
Cogo, A. (2012). ELF and superdiversity. A case study of ELF multilingual practices from a business context. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 1, 287-313.
Cogo, A. (2016). ‘They all take the risk and make the effort’: Intercultural accommodation and multilingualism in a BELF Community of Practice. In L. Lopriore, & E. Grazzi (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: New Perspectives from ELF, (pp. 365–383). Roma TrEPress. (Open Access).
Cogo, A. & Yanaprasart, P. (2018). “English is the language of business”: An exploration of language ideologies in two European corporate contexts. In T. Sherman & J. Nekvapil (Eds.), English in Business and Commerce: Interactions and Policies (pp. 96-116). De Gruyter Mouton.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501506833-005
Dedović-Atilla, E. & Dubravac, V. (2022). Reconceptualizing English for international business contexts: A BELF approach and its educational implications. Multilingual Matters.
Du Babcock, B. (2009). English as a business lingua franca: A framework of integrative approach to future research in International Business Communication. In L. Louhiala-Salminen & A. Kankaanranta (Eds.), The ascent of international business communication, B-109 (pp. 45-66). HSE Print. (Open access).
http://hsepubl.lib.hse.fi/FI/publ/hse/b109
Du Babcock, B. (2013). English as Business Lingua Franca: A comparative analysis of communication behavior and strategies in Asian and European contexts. Iberica, 26, 99-130. (Open access).
Du-Babcock, B., & Tanaka, H. (2010). Turn-taking behavior and topic management strategies of Chinese and Japanese business professionals: A comparison of intercultural group communication. Proceedings of the 75th Annual Convention of the Association for Business Communication.
Ehrenreich, S. (2009). English as a Lingua Franca in multinational corporations: Exploring business communities of practice. In A. Mauranen & E. Ranta (Eds.), English as a Lingua Franca: Studies and findings (pp. 126–151). Cambridge Scholars.
Ehrenreich, S. (2010). English as a business lingua franca in a German multinational corporation: Meeting the challenge. Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), 408–431.
Ehrenreich, S. (2011) ‘The dynamics of English as a lingua franca in international business: a language contact perspective’. In Archibald, A. N., Cogo, A. and Jenkins, J. (eds) Latest trends in ELF research (pp. 11–34). Cambridge Scholars.
Ehrenreich, S. (2016). English as a lingua franca (ELF) in international business contexts: Key issues and future perspectives. In K. Murata (Ed.), Exploring ELF in Japanese academic and business contexts. Conceptualization, research and pedagogic implication (pp. 135–155). Routledge.
Estival, D., Farris, C., & Molesworth, B. (2016). Aviation English: A lingua franca for pilots and air traffic controllers. Routledge.
Feely, A. J. & Harzing, A.-W. (2003). Language management in multinational companies. Cross Cultural Management, 10(2), 37–52.
Franceschi, V. (2017). Plurilingual resources as an asset in ELF business interactions. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 6(1), 57–81. (Open access).
Franceschi, V. (2019). Enhancing explicitness in BELF interactions: Self-initiated communication strategies in the workplace. Iperstoria—Testi Letterature Linguaggi, 13, 59–71.
Fredriksson, R., Barner-Rasmussen, W. & Piekkari, R. (2006). The multinational corporation as a multilingual organization: The notion of a common corporate language, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 11(4), 406–423.
Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2013). “They envision going to New York, not Jakarta”: The differing attitudes toward ELF of students, teaching assistance, and instructors in an English-medium business program in Japan. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2(2). 229–253. (Open access).
Gerritsen, M., & Nickerson, C. (2009). ‘BELF: Business English as a lingua franca’. In F. Bargiela-Chappini (Ed.), The handbook of business discourse, (pp. 180–194). Edinburgh University Press.
Gilsdorf, J. (2002). Standard Englishes and world Englishes: Living with a polymorph business language. Journal of Business Communication, 39, 364-378.
Guo, G., & Li, D. (2018). Identity transition and career development of Chinese BE teachers under the context of BELF. Higher Education Studies, 18(2), 1-8. (Open access).
Harzing, A.-W., Köster, K. & Magner, U. (2011). Babel in business: the language barrier and its solutions in the HQ-subsidiary relationship. Journal of World Business, 46(3), 279–287.
Harzing, A.-W. & Pudelko, M. (2013). Language competencies, policies and practices in multinational corporations: A comprehensive review and comparison of Anglophone, Asian, Continental European and Nordic MNCs. Journal of World Business, 48(1), 87–97. (Open access).
Hofweber, J. & Jaworska, S. (2022). Polite impoliteness? How power, gender and language background shape request strategies in English as a Business Lingua Franca (BELF) in corporate email exchanges. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 11(2), 223-253. (Open access).
https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2022-2085
Huttunen, S. (2005). Communication failures between lingua franca speakers of English in meetings. Proceedings of the Association for Business Communication 7th European Convention, May 2005, 1–5.
Jenkins, J., Cogo, A., & Dewey, M. (2011). Review of developments in research into English as a lingua franca. Language Teaching, 44(3), 281–315. (Open access) doi:10.1017/S0261444811000115
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/186181/1/LT_article.pdf
Jeong, H. (2021). Global English in the Workplace: Introducing the Concepts of ‘Workplace English as a Lingua Franca’ (WELF), and ‘Successful WELF Users’. In A. Henry & A. Persson (Eds.), Exploring work in English studies: A practice-based engagement. (pp. 197-220). Palgrave Macmillan.
Kankaanranta, A. (2006). “Hej Seppo, could you pls comment on this!”—Internal email communication in lingua franca English in a multinational company. Business Communication Quarterly, 69(2), 216-225. (Open access).
http://ebooks.jyu.fi/solki/9513923207.pdf
Kankaanranta, A. (2023). Commentary on Louhiala-Salminen (2005): Launching the notion of BELF. English for Specific Purposes, 71, 146-148.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2023.04.003
Kankaanranta, A., Karhunen, P. & Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2018). “English as corporate language” in the multilingual reality of multinational companies. Multilingua, 37(4), 331-351.
Kankaanranta, A. & Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2007). Focus on teaching: Business communication in BELF. Business Communication Quarterly, 70(1), 55–59.
Kankaanranta, A., & Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2010). “English?—Oh, it’s just work!”: A study of BELF users’ perceptions. English for Specific Purposes, 29(3), 204-209. (Open access).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2009.06.004
Kankaanranta, A., & Louhiala–Salminen, L. (2013). What language does global business speak? The concept and development of BELF. Iberica, 26, 17–34. (Open access).
Kankaanranta, A. & Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2018). ELF in the domain of business-BELF: What does the B stand for? In J. Jenkins, W. Baker and M. Dewey (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of English as a lingua franca (pp. 309–320). Routledge.
Kankaanranta, A., Louhiala-Salminen, L. & Karhunen, P. (2015). English in multinational companies: implications for teaching “English” at an international business school. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 4(1), 125–148.
Kankaanranta, A. & Lu, W. (2013) The evolution of English as the business lingua franca: Signs of convergence in Chinese and Finnish professional communication. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 27(3), 288–307. (Open access).
Kankaanranta, A., & Planken, B. (2010). BELF competence as business knowledge of internationally operating business professionals. Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), 380–407. (Open access).
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/301131435.pdf
Kantabutra, N. (2018). Negotiating the meaning: BELF pragmatics in Thai international corporations. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Southampton.
Karhunen, P., Kankaanranta, A., Louhiala-Salminen, L., & Piekkari, R. (2018). Let’s talk about language: A review of language-sensitive research in international management, Journal of Management Studies, 55(6), 980-1013.
https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12354
Karhunen, P., Kankaanranta, A., & Raisanen, T. (2023). Towards a Richer Understanding of Language and Identity in the MNC: Constructing Cosmopolitan Identities Through “English”, Management International Review (63), 507-530. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-023-00504-6
Kassis-Henderson, J. & Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2011). Does language affect trust in global professional contexts? Perceptions of international business professionals, Rhetoric, Professional Communication, and Globalization, 2(1), 15–33.
Kaur, J., & Birlik, S. (2021). Communicative effectiveness in BELF meetings: ‘Explaining as a pragmatic strategy’. Modern Language Journal, 105(3), 623-638.
Kiczkowiak, M. and Lowe, R. J. (2019). Teaching English as a Lingua Franca. The journey from EFL to ELF. Delta Publishing.
Komori-Glatz, M. (2017). (B)ELF in multicultural student teamwork. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 6(1), 83-109. (Open Access).
Komori-Glatz, M. (2018). Conceptualising English as a Business Lingua Franca. European Journal of International Management, 12(1-2), 44-61.
Komori-Glatz, M. (2018). Multilingual ELF interaction in multicultural student teamwork at Europe’s largest business university. In Z. Tatsioka, B. Seidlhofer, N. Sifakis, & G. Ferguson (Eds.), Using English as a lingua franca in education in Europe (pp. 150-174). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501503115-008
Kotarputh, R. (2020). Pragmatic strategies and politeness in email exchanges by business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF) users in a Thai higher education setting: managing miscommunication, enhancing intercultural communication and indicating levels of formality.[Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southampton.
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/447989/
Ku, H., & Zussman, A. (2010). Lingua franca: The role of English in international trade. Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 75(2), 250–260.
Kubota, R. (2013). ‘Language is only a tool’: Japanese expatriates working in China and implications for language teaching. Multilingual Education, 3(4), 1–20. (Open Access).
https://multilingual-education.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2191-5059-3-4
Lichterfeld, K. (2019). (Business) English as a lingua franca and the CEFR Companion Volume – Implications for the classroom. Humanising Language Teaching, 21(2).
https://www.hltmag.co.uk/apr19/business-english-as-a-lingua-franca
Lichterfeld, K. (2021). Boosting Employees’ Intercultural Job Performance with a Flexible Business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF) Mindset as Agile Learning Companions. Humanising Language Teaching, 23(4).
https://www.hltmag.co.uk/aug21/boosting-employees
Liu, P. & Liu, H. (2022). Pragmatic manipulation of metapragmatic expressions in BELF meetings. Applied Pragmatics, 4(1), 92-118.
Lønsmann, D. (2014). Linguistic diversity in the international workplace: Language ideologies and processes of exclusion. Multilingua, 33(1-2), 89–116.
Louhiala-Salminen, L., & Charles, M. (2006). English as the lingua franca of international business communication: Whose English? What English? In J. Palmer-Silveira, M. Ruiz-Garrido, & I. Fortanet-Gomez (Eds.), Intercultural and International Business Communication (pp. 27-54). Peter Lang.
Louhiala-Salminen, L., Charles, M., & Kankaanranta, A. (2005). English as a lingua franca in Nordic corporate mergers: Two case companies. English for Specific Purposes, 24(4), 401-421.
http://course.sdu.edu.cn/G2S/eWebEditor/uploadfile/20131201161747009.pdf
Louhiala-Salminen, L. & Kankaanranta, A. (2011). Professional Communication in a Global Business Context: The Notion of Global Communicative Competence. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, Special issue on Professional Communication in Global Contexts, 54(3), 244-262. (Open Access).
Maclean, D. (2006). Beyond English: Transnational corporations and the strategic management of language in a complex multilingual business environment. Management Decision, 44, 1377-1390.
Meierkord, C. (2002). ‘Language stripped bare’ or ‘linguistic masala’? Culture in lingua franca conversation. In K. Knapp & C. Meierkord (Eds.), Lingua franca communication (pp. 109-133). Peter Lang.
Murata, K. (2016). Exploring ELF in Japanese academic and business contexts: Conceptualisation, research and pedagogic implications. Routledge.
Neeley, T. B. (2011). Language and globalization: “Englishnization” at Rakuten. Harvard Business School Organizational Behaviour Unit Case, 412-002, 1–15.
Neeley, T. B. (2012). Global business speaks English: Why you need a language strategy now. Harvard Business Review, 90, 116–124.
Nickerson, C. (1999). The use of English in electronic mail in a multinational corporation. In F. Bargiela-Chiappini & C. Nickerson (Eds.), Writing business: Genres, media and discourses (pp. 35-55). Pearson.
Nickerson, C. (2000). Playing the corporate language game: An investigation of the genres and discourse strategies in English used by Dutch writers working in multinational corporations. Rodopi.
Nickerson, C. (2005). English as a lingua franca in international business contexts. English for Specific Purposes, 24, 367–380.
Nickerson, C. (2015). The death of the non-native speaker? English as a lingua franca in business communication: A research agenda. Language Teaching, 48, 390–404.
Nickerson, C., & Planken, B. (2015). Introducing Business English. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315694337
Nielsen, T. H. (2019). Norwegian business professionals’ need for and use of English as a business lingua franca (BELF) in multinational corporations. Hermes—Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 59(1), 109–122. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v59i1.117020
Nielsen, T. H. (2020). Developing shared communication practices: A study of BELF in multinational team meetings. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 9, 131–153.
Otsu, A. (2017). The gap between educational policies and actual workplace communication in ELF: A Japanese case. European Journal of Language Policy, 9(1), 105–118.
Otsu, A. (2019). The shifting perception of Japanese BELF users towards English: A case study. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 8(1), 67-95.
Otsu, A. (2020). An analysis of BELF small talk: A first encounter. In M. Konakahara & K. Tsuchiya (Eds.). English as a lingua franca in Japan: Towards multilingual practices (pp. 213-232). Springer.
Piekkari, R., Welch, D. E. & Welch, L. S. (2014). Language in international business: The multilingual reality of global business expansion. Elgar.
Piekkari, R. & Zander, L. (2005). Language and communication in international management. International Studies of Management and Organization, 35(1), 3–9.
Pitzl, M.–L. (2005). Non-understanding in English as a lingua franca: Examples from a business context. Vienna English Working Papers, 14, 50–71.
Pitzl, M.-L. (2010). English as a lingua franca in international business. Resolving miscommunication and reaching shared understanding. VDM-Verlag Müller.
Pitzl, M.-L. (2016). Investigating multilingual practices in BELF meetings with VOICE: A corpus linguistic case study with methodological considerations. Waseda Working Papers in ELF 5. 15–40.
Pitzl, M.-L. (2019). Investigating Communities of Practice (CoPs) and Transient International Groups (TIGs) in BELF contexts. Iperstoria 13. 5-14. ISSN 2281-4582. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.13136/2281-4582/2019.i13.233
Pitzl, M._L. & Ehrenreich, S. (Eds.). (2015). Teaching ELF, BELF, and/or intercultural communication?. [Special Issue]. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 4(1).
Planken, B. (2005). Managing rapport in lingua franca sales negotiations: A comparison of professional and aspiring negotiators. English for Specific Purposes, 24(4), 381–400.
Pölzl, U. & Seidlhofer, B. (2006). In and on their own terms: the ‘habitat factor’ in English as a lingua franca interactions. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 177, 151–176.
Poncini, G. (2003). Multicultural business meetings and the role of languages other than English. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 24, 17-32.
Pullin, P. (2009). Small talk, rapport, and international communicative competence: Lessons to learn from BELF. Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), 455-476.
Pullin Stark, P. (2009). No joke: This is serious! Power, solidarity and humour in business English as a lingua franca (BELF). In A. Mauranen & E. Ranta (Eds.), English as a lingua franca: Studies and findings (pp. 152-177). Cambridge Scholars.
Pullin, P. (2013). ‘Achieving “comity”: the role of linguistic stance in business English as a lingua franca (BELF) meetings’. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 2(1), 1–23.
Pullin, P. (2015) Culture, curriculum design, syllabus and course development in the light of BELF. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 4(1), 31-53.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2015-0006
Räisänen, T. (2013) Professional communicative repertoires and trajectories of socialization into global working life (PhD thesis). Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities 216.
https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/42565/978-951-39-5470-3.pdf
Rogerson-Revell, P. (2007). Using English for international business: A European case study. English for Specific Purposes, 26, 103–120.
Rogerson-Revell, P. (2008). Participation and performance in international business meetings. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 338-360. (Open Access).
Rogerson-Revell, P. (2010). “Can you spell that for us nonnative speakers?”: Accommodation strategies in international business meetings. Journal of Business Communication, 47, 432–454.
Takino, M. (2016). Negotiating the challenges of using English in business communication: Listening narratives of Japanese BELF users. [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southampton.
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/385224/
Takino, M. (2016). Using narrative inquiry in ELF research: Exploring BELF users’ perspective. Waseda Working Papers in ELF, 5, 117–135.
Takino, M. (2017). Power in international business communication and linguistic competence: Analyzing the experiences of nonnative business people who use English as a business lingua franca (BELF). International Journal of Business Communication, 57(4), 517-544.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488417714222
Takino, M. (2019). Becoming BELF users: The learning process of business users of English and its conceptualization. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 8(2), 235–267.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2020
Takino, M. (2020). Bridging the language barrier in international business: BELF and multilingual practices. In M. Konakahara & K. Tsuchiya (Eds.). English as a lingua franca in Japan: Towards multilingual practices (pp. 233-254). Springer.
Tanaka, H. (2008). Communication strategies and cultural assumptions: An analysis of French-Japanese business meetings. In S.Tietze (Ed.), International Management and Language (pp. 154–170). Routledge.
Tsuchiya, K. (2020). Mediation and translanguaging in a BELF casual meeting. In M. Konakahara & K. Tsuchiya (Eds.). English as a lingua franca in Japan: Towards multilingual practices (pp. 255-278). Springer.
Ujiie, S. (2020). Impacts and implications of English as the corporate official language policy: A case in Japan. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 9(1), 103-129.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2035
Vandermeeren, S. (1999). English as a lingua franca in written corporate communication: Findings from a European survey. In F. Bargiela-Chiappini & C. Nickerson (Eds.), Writing business: Genres, media and discourses (pp. 273-291). Longman.
Velilla-Sánchez, M.A. (2015). International business email communication: A matter of structure and communicative competence in BELF. STVDIVM. Revista de Humanidades, 21, 303-324. (Open Access).
Vettorel, P. (2017). Communication Strategies, ELF and ELT materials. A Cor das Letras, 18, 74-98.
Vettorel, P. (2019). BELF, communication strategies and ELT business materials. Iperstoria—Testi Letterature Linguaggi, 13, 72–84. (Open Access).
Vettorel, P. & Franceschi, V. (2020). Communication strategies in BELF. From users’ perceptions, corpus and textbook analysis to pedagogical implications. Lingue Linguaggi, 38, 219-239.
Virkkula, T. & Nikula, T. (2010). Identity construction in ELF contexts: A case study of Finnish engineering students working in Germany. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 20(2), 251–273.
Virkkula-Räisänen, T. (2010). Linguistic repertoires and semiotic resources in interaction: A Finnish manager as a mediator in a multilingual meeting. Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), 505–531. (Open Access).
Vollstedt, M. (2002). English as a language for internal company communications. In K. Knapp & C. Meierkord (Eds.), Lingua franca communication (pp. 87-107). Peter Lang.
Vuorela, T., Alatalo, S., Oikarinen, E.-L.& Poutiainen, A. (2021). Young consumers’ views on humorous BELF communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26(2), 265-278. (Open Access).
https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-01-2020-0008
Wu, Y. (2013). Business English as a lingua franca (BELF). International Education Studies, 6(10), 130-138.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1068643.pdf
Yousef, K. (2021). Implementing language mandates: English as a lingua franca in a Hungarian multinational company. Journal of East European Management Studies, 26, 545-567.